Aichi AB-4

AB-4

National origin: Japan
Manufacturer: Aichi Kokuki
First flight: May 1932
Primary users: Imperial Japanese Navy Nippon Koku Yuso Kenkyusho
Number built: 6

The Aichi AB-4 was a Japanese flying boat of the 1930s. A single engined biplane, the AB-6 was intended to carry out night reconnaissance for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Six were built and accepted into service as the Experimental 6-Shi Night Reconnaissance Flying boat, three of which were converted to civil transports.

Development and design

In 1931, the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed the Aichi Tokei Denki Seizo KK. (Aichi Watch and Electric Machinery Company, Ltd), who had beed involved in aircraft manufacture, particularly for the Navy, since 1920, to design a small catapult-launched night reconnaissance aircraft, intended to observe nocturnal shipping movements, spot naval gunfire during night engagements and to direct friendly submarines. The resulting design, designated AB-4 ("Aichi Biplane") by Aichi was a single-engined pusher biplane flying boat of all-metal construction. Its single-bay wings folded backwards for storage aboard ship, while its crew of three were housed in open cockpits. It was powered by a single Gasuden Urakaze water-cooled six-cylinder inline engine driving a two blade propellor.

The first prototype flew in May 1932, and while handling was generally good, it had poor control during take-off and landing, and a poor view for the pilot. Despite this, a further five prototypes were ordered for evaluation.

Operational history

The six prototypes, designated Experimental 6-Shi Night Reconnaissance Flying Boat were subject to extensive testing and evaluation by the Japanese Navy. While the Navy decided not to order further production of the AB-4, it had a continued requirement for a dedicated night reconnaissance aircraft, which resulted in the Specification that lead to the Aichi E10A, which entered service in 1936.

In 1935, three of the six AB-4s were sold to the Japanese Airline Nippon Koku Yuso Kenkyusho, (NKYK). The first aircraft was converted to a cargo transport, while the second and third aircraft were converted to passenger airliners, with the pilot's cockpit moved to the extreme nose (replacing the existing gunners position) and an enclosed passenger cabin, for five and six passengers respectively, added. The third prototype replaced the Gasuden engine with a more powerful Napier Lion.

The three AB-4s were used by NKYK in scheduled services from Osaka, and for sightseeing flights. One crashed into a factory chimney on 27 May 1937, killing all five aboard.

Specifications

Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941

General characteristics

Crew: 3
Length: 9.75 m (32 ft 0 in)
Wingspan: 13.50 m (44 ft 3½in)
Height: 3.94 m (12 ft 11 in)
Wing area: 47.1 m² (507 sq ft)
Empty weight: 1,610 kg (3,549 lb)
Loaded weight: 2,350 kg (5,180 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 2,600 kg (5,732 lb) when catapulted
Powerplant: 1x— Gasuden Urakaze six-cylinder inverted inline engine, 261 kW (350 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 164 km/h (89 knots, 102 mph) at sea level
Cruise speed: 113 km/h (61 knots, 70 mph)
Stall speed: 84 km/h (45 knots, 52 mph) at 1,000 m (3,280 ft)
Climb to 2,800 m (9,200 ft): 60 min 50 sec

Armament

Guns: 1x— 7.7 mm (0.303 in) machine gun
Bombs: Flares

Comparable aircraft

Aichi E10A
Aichi E11A

Mikesh, Robert and Abe, Shorzoe. Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941. London:Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0 85177 840 2.

Aichi AB-4 Pictures and Aichi AB-4 for Sale.

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Source: WikiPedia