Henschel Hs 130

National origin: Germany
Manufacturer: Henschel
First flight: 1939
Status: Prototypes only
Primary user: Luftwaffe

The Henschel Hs 130 was a German high-altitude reconnaissance and bomber aircraft developed in World War II, but never used operationally due to various mechanical faults.

Development

Development of the Hs 130 began with two Hs 128 prototypes, which first flew on 11 April 1939, with the second prototype flying on 20 February 1940. Both prototypes were research aircraft, used for testing pressurized cabins, engine superchargers, and cantilever wings. Different engines powered the two prototypes; the V1 by Daimler-Benz DB 601s and the V2 by Junkers Jumo 210s. Both had fixed landing gear.

While trials of the two prototypes were not successful, the potential of a high altitude aircraft caught the attention of Theodor Rowehl, commander of the Luftwaffe's special reconnaissance unit. Rowehl's interest in the Hs 128's potential for high-altitude reconnaissance missions led Reich Air Ministry to instruct Henschel to continue development of the Hs 128 as a reconnaissance aircraft under the designation Hs 130A.

Three prototype aircraft Hs 130 As were built, the first flying on 23 May 1940. Five pre-production Hs 130A-0's followed, being delivered in early 1941, and featured DB 601R engines, a single-stage supercharger, retractable landing gear, and a bay in the rear to house two Rb75/30 cameras for reconnaissance. The five Hs 130A-0s subsequently underwent trials and testing, which revealed significant problems with the aircraft performance, and reliability problems which prevented operational use.

Two further modified Hs 130A-0s was produced under the designation Hs 130A-0/U6 and featured a greater wingspan, DB 605B engines, Hirth superchargers, GM-1 nitrous oxide power boosting, and under-wing drop tanks, and being ready for flight testing in November 1943, demonstrating an absolute ceiling of 15,500 m (50,570 ft). The Hs 130A-0/U6 variant as well as the other Hs 130A-0s proved unsatisfactory and were never flown operationally.

Further development of the Hs 130 led to bomber variants. The planned Hs 130B was almost the same as the Hs 130A, but with a bomb bay in place of the camera bay, but was never built. The Hs 130C was built as a competitor for the "Bomber B" project, and was very different from the Hs 130A, featuring a shorter wing span, remotely-controlled defensive armament, a more extensively glazed (but still pressurized) cabin and up to 4,000 kg (8,800 lb) of bombs. Three prototypes, V1, V2, and V3 were built, with V1 and V2 were powered by BMW 801 radials, and V3, featuring full armament by DB 603A engines. Further development of the Hs 130 as a reconnaissance aircraft continued with the Hs 130D, which was planned to have DB 605 engines and a complex two-stage supercharger, but was again unbuilt.

The Hs 130E was a re-working of the Hs 130A with the Hx¶hen Zentrale (HZ)-Anlage system in place of conventional superchargers. HZ-Anlage installed a third engine in the fuselage, a DB 605, the only purpose of which was to power a large supercharger to supply air to the wing-mounted DB 603B engines. Such a system had first been tried some twenty-five years previously, on the R.30/16 example of the Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI bomber. Another difference from the Hs 130A was the nose, which was extended forward to offset the weight of the HZ-Anlage engine in the fuselage. Also underwing fuel tanks could be fitted to provide fuel for three engines, and air scoops were fitted under the fuselage to supply the fuselage engine.

Three prototype Hs 130Es were built; Hs 130E V1 first flew in September 1942, and could reach 12,500 m (41,010 ft) when HZ-Anlage was employed. Hs 130E V2 was lost due to an engine fire; V3 was built to replace it. An order for seven pre-production Hs 130E-0s followed, first flying in May 1943, together with a production order was placed for 100 Hs 130E-1s which were to have a remotely controlled defensive armament and provisions for underwing bombs. The order was cancelled due to continuing problems suffered by the Hs 130E-0's HZ-Anlange system. An Hs 130F was planned, which was hoped to solve the problems with HZ-Anlage, by using four supercharged BMW 801 engines, but was never built.

Specifications (Hs 130E)

Data from War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Ten

General characteristics

Crew: Three
Length: 22.00 m (72 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 33.01 m (108 ft 3¼ in)
Height: 5.60 m (18 ft 4½ in)
Wing area: 84.9 m² (914 ft²)
Empty weight: 12,200 kg (26,901 lb)
Loaded weight: 16,682 kg (36,700 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 18,136 kg (39,900 lb)
Powerplant: 2 x— Daimler-Benz DB 603B V-12 liquid cooled engine, 1,388 kW (1,860 hp) at 2,100 m (6,900 ft) each
one Daimler-Benz DB 605T, (1,100 kW (1,475 hp)) driving HZ-Anlange supercharger in fuselage

Performance

Maximum speed: 610 km/h (330 kn, 379 mph) at 14,000 m (45,900 ft)
Cruise speed: 515 km/h (278 kn, 320 mph) at 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
Range: 2,995 km (1,671 nmi, 1,860 mi)
Service ceiling: 15,100 m (49,500 ft)
Wing loading: 196 kg/m² (40.2 lb/ft²)

Bibliography

Donald, David.(ed.). Warplanes of the Luftwaffe. London:Aerospace, 1999. ISBN 1 874023 56 5.
Dressel, Joachim and Griel, Manfred. Bombers of the Luftwaffe. London:Arms and Armour Press, 1994. ISBN 1-85409-140-9.
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Ten Bombers. London:Macdonald, 1968.
Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1970 (fourth impression 1979). ISBN 0-356-02382-6.
Nowarra, Heinz J. Die Deutsche Luftrx¼stung 1933-1945 (in German). Koblenz, Germany: Bernard & Graeffe Verlag, 1993. ISBN 3-7637-5464-4.
Smith, J.R. and Kay, Anthony. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam , 1990. ISBN 85177 836 4.
Wood, Tony and Gunston, Bill. Hitler's Luftwaffe: A pictorial history and technical encyclopedia of Hitler's air power in World War II. London: Salamander Books Ltd., 1977. ISBN 0-86101-005-1.

Henschel Hs 130 Pictures

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Source: WikiPedia