Saro P.531

Picture - First P.531-0, G-APNV at the Farnborough show 1958

Role: Five-seat utility helicopter
Manufacturer: Saunders-Roe
First flight: 20 July 1958
Introduced: 1959
Primary user: Fleet Air Arm
Number built: 6
Variants: Westland Scout Westland Wasp

The Saro P.531 (or Saunders-Roe P.531) is a British all-metal five-seat helicopter designed and built by Saunders-Roe Limited (Saro).

Development

Design of the P.531 was started in November 1957 as a private venture improvement of the company's earlier Skeeter. The first prototypes were powered by a derated 325 shp Blackburn Turbomeca Turmo 600, a free turbine engine allowing clutchless transmission. The P.531 first flew on the 20 July 1958. Three more developed P.531-0s followed and these were delivered to the Royal Navy/Fleet Air Arm for trials and familiarisation. Following evaluation by the Navy a batch of 30 developed aircraft were eventually ordered as the Westland Wasp.

Two militiarised P.531-2s were completed in 1959, powered by the Blackburn Nimbus and the de Havilland Gnome H1000 free-turbine engines, both derated to 635 hp now that the transmission tests had proved such powers acceptable. Like the Turmo installation, these engines were mounted, uncowled behind the cabin for easy servicing. There were aerodynamic shape revisions and a floor extension to allow six, rather than five seats. The vision was improved with perspex panels in the doors, tankage was increased and all-metal rotors introduced. These modifications increased gross weight by 1,200 lb (544 kg).

Saro had an order for eight pre-production aircraft from the Army Air Corps for evaluation and trials; these would have been known as the Saro Sprite, but the company was taken over by Westland and the aircraft became the first Scout A.H.1s.

Another P.531-2 was built for evaluation by the Indian government but following a lack of interest was re-worked as Scout standard for the Army Air Corps.

Variants

P.531
Prototype powered by the Turmo 600, one built. Had a short tailplane for c.g. adjustment, though not always installed.
P.531-0
Three further prototypes with full scale tailplane, Turmo powered. All three were used by the Navy, with many deck landings; these flights fed into the later development of the Westland Wasp.
P.531-2
Militarised version for both Army and Navy use, powered by a slightly derated 635 hp (474 kW) Blackburn Nimbus free-turbine engine. Two built by Saro, the second initially powered by a de Havilland Gnome H.1000, derated to 635 hp. It was later developed as the forerunner of the Westland Scout.

Operators

United Kingdom

Army Air Corps
Fleet Air Arm

Aircraft on display

Picture - First P.531-0 protoype, XN332 ex-G-APNV in storage at RNAS Yeovilton in 2005

The second and third prototypes are held by the Fleet Air Arm Museum for display.

Specifications (P.531, G-APNU)

Data from

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Capacity: 3
Length: rotors folded 29 ft 0 in (8.84 m)
Main rotor diameter: 32 ft 6 in (9.91 m)
Height: 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
Empty weight: 2,092 lb (949 kg)
Gross weight: maximum overload 3,800 lb (1,724 kg)
Powerplant: 1 x— Blackburn-Turbomeca Turmo turboshaft, derated to 325 hp (242 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 121 mph ( km/h)
Cruise speed: typical mph (175 km/h)
Range: 242 miles (390 km)
Service ceiling: free hover 2,300 ft (700 m)
Rate of climb: initial 540 ft/min (2.74 m/s)

Related development

Saro Skeeter
Westland Scout
Westland Wasp

Bibliography

The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). Orbis Publishing.
Jackson, A.J. (1974). British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 3. London: Putnam. ISBN 0 370 10014 X.
London, Peter (1988). Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917. London: Putnam Publishing. ISBN 0 85177 814 3.
British Military Aircraft Serials and Markings. British Aviation Research Group. 1983. ISBN 0 906339 04 9.

Saro P.531 Pictures

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Source: WikiPedia