Short SB.1

SB.1

Picture - Short SB.1 during landing c.1951

Role: Experimental glider
Manufacturer: Short Brothers
Designed by: David Keith-Lucas
First flight: 14 July 1951
Status: Company experimental project
Number built: 1
Variants: Short SB.4 Sherpa

The British Short SB.1 was a tailless glider designed by David Keith-Lucas and Professor Geoffrey T.R. Hill and built by Shorts as a private research venture to test the concept of the aero-isoclinic wing, it being the first aircraft to incorporate this feature. It was in effect a one-third scale glider version of Keith-Lucas' ambitious preliminary design P.D.1, intended to meet the Air Ministry's (V bomber) specification B.35/46, which was the basis for the Avro Vulcan, the Handley-Page Victor and the Vickers Valiant.

Design and development

After extensive testing with wind-tunnel and flutter models, the design team proposed that a manned glider be built. Shorts (Belfast) undertook construction on a single-seat glider incorporating the "aero-isoclinic" wing originated by Professor Hill.

The SB.1 glider was designed to be an inexpensive, simple machine, constructed primarily of spruce with reinforced sections using light alloy steel. The all-important wing controls had "elevons" pivoted on long, tapered light-alloy tubes extending from the leading edge of the tip, just inside the fixed part of the wing (illustrated by photographs in the Short SB.4 Sherpa article). The pivoting mechanism had a double-ball bearing unit on the inboard end with main loads transferred to a needle roller bearing at the outboard end of the fixed wing. Anti-balance tabs were fitted along trailing edges along with small pneumatically actuated flaps under the inboard sections. When the elevons were rotated in the same direction they functioned as elevators; when rotated in opposite directions they functioned as ailerons.

Testing

After final construction at Aldersgrove, the Shorts SB.1 bearing Class B registration G-14-5 was readied for flight testing early July 1951. For the first flight on 14 July 1951, the SB1 was winch-launched and the gliding characteristics were found by Shorts' Chief Test Pilot Tom Brooke-Smith ("Brookie") to be satisfactory.

A further successful test flight on 15 July 1951 was followed by the first towed launch from RAF Aldergrove on 30 July 1951. The SB.1 was towed behind a Short Sturgeon TT2 (VR363) piloted by "Jock" Eassie to a height of 10,000 ft, the height of the release. Although Brooke-Smith experienced turbulence inherent in flying a light aircraft in the wake of the towing aircraft, the subsequent test flight was completed successfully. During the second flight of the day (using a longer towline intended to alleviate the turbulence), the test pilot encountered severe buffeting problems and he had to cast off at low altitude. The flight ended catastrophically when Brooke-Smith attempted to side-slip out of the wake and struck the ground "nose-down" at 90 mph, injuring himself seriously and heavily damaging the aircraft.

During his recovery, Brooke-Smith expressed concerns about the towed launches and was adamant that testing the SB.1 required a new approach. The Shorts company persevered with the project, redesigning the aircraft six months later. The new design retained the wings and tail of the SB.1 but (at Tom Brooke-Smith's insistence) featured two small turbojet engines housed in a new, light-alloy fuselage. The result was the Short SB.4 Sherpa.

Specifications

Picture - Plan view of SB.1

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: ft in (m)
Wingspan: ft in (m)
Height: ft in (m)
Wing area: ft² (m²)
Empty weight: lb (kg)

Performance

Bibliography

Barnes, C.H. with revisions by James, Derek N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1989 (revised). ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
Gunston, Bill. "Short's Experimental Sherpa." Aeroplane Monthly Vol. 5, no. 10, October 1977. p. 508-515.
Short SB4 Sherpa RAF (EJA18c philatelic cover). Croydon, Surrey, UK: Aviation Collectibles. [1] Access date: 1 February 2007.

Related development

Short SB.4 Sherpa

Short SB.1 Pictures

Living Warbirds: The best warbirds DVD series.

Source: WikiPedia