Sopwith Snail

Snail

National origin: United Kingdom
Manufacturer: Sopwith
First flight: April 1918
Status: Prototype
Number built: 2

The Sopwith 8F.1 Snail was a prototype British Fighter aircraft of the First World War. It was unsuccessful, being abandoned due to an unreliable engine.

Development and design

The Sopwith 8F.1 Snail was designed by Herbert Smith of Sopwith Aviation Company to meet the Air Board Specification A.1A for a light fighter with superior performance to the Sopwith Camel. Herbert Smith designed a small single-bay biplane, powered by the 170 hp (127 kW) ABC Wasp radial engine. An initial order was placed on 31 October 1917 for six prototypes with a conventional wood and fabric framework structure, but this was revised in November to fit two aircraft with a plywood monocoque fuselage.

The first prototype, serial number C4284, with the conventional fuselage (which resulted in the designation Snail Mk.II) flew in April 1918. Its wings had slight (5 inches (12.7 mm) back-stagger, with the pilot sitting under a large cut-out on the upper wing, so that his head would protrude through the cut-out. Armament was two synchronised Vickers machine guns mounted within the fuselage, and a Lewis gun mounted above the upper wing. A second prototype (serial number C4288), with the monocoque fuselage (and thus designated Snail Mk. I) followed in May. As well as the fuselage, the Snail Mk.I differed as the wings, although using identical surfaces were rigged with 22 inches of conventional stagger, with the pilot's cockpit being behind the upper wings trailing edge.

Both prototypes were sent to Martlesham Heath for official testing in May. Although performance was reasonable, being slightly faster than the Camel and climbing faster, handling was poor, particularly at low speed, and as with the other Wasp engined fighters built to meet Specification A.1A, the Wasp engine proved unreliable, with the competition being abandoned in October 1918. The two complete prototypes were broken up for firewood in November 1919.

Specifications (Second prototype)

Data from War Planes of the First World War

General characteristics

Crew: One
Length: 19 ft 0 in (5.79 m)
Wingspan: 25 ft 4 in (7.72 m)
Height: 7 ft 10 in (2.39 m)
Wing area: 250 ft² (17.7 m²)
Empty weight: 1,390 lb (632 kg)
Loaded weight: 1,920 lb (873 kg)
Powerplant: 1x— ABC Wasp 7-cylinder radial engine, 170 hp (127 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 124.5 mph (108 knots, 200 km/h) at 10,000 ft (3,050 m)
Wing loading: 7.68 lb/ft² (49.3 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.089 hp/lb (0.15 kW/kg)
Climb to 10,000 ft (3,050 m): 9 min 55 sec

Armament

Guns: 2x forward firing, synchronised .303 in Vickers machine guns and one Lewis gun above upper wing

Comparable aircraft

BAT Bantam
Westland Wagtail

Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Fighters Volume One. London:Macdonald, 1969. ISBN 356 01490 8.
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.

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Source: WikiPedia